Productivity can be turn profit Garments industry

 Productivity

Productivity in simple words is a relationship between output and input. The output in garment factories can be pieces of finished garments whereas the input of the section or departments within the garment factories could be meters of fabric inspected in the fabric in the fabric inspection section, cut components in the cutting room, number of garments ironed in the ironing section and so no. The example of input are man-hrs, meters of fabric consumed or electricity consumed.

Productivity may be defined as the ratio between the output of wealth and the input of resources of production. Output means the quantity produced and input are the various resources employed, land, machinery, material, and labor. ( V Ramesh Babu)

                         Output

Productivity = ----------

                           Input

Productivity refers to the efficiency of the production system. It is an indicator of how well the factor of production (land, capital, labor, and energy) is utilized (Glock and Kunz 2009).

Production and Productivity:

Production is defined as the process or procedure to transform a set of inputs into an output having the desired utility and quality. Production is a value-addition process. The production system is an organized process of conversion of raw materials into useful finished products.

The concept of production and productivity are totally different. Production refers to absolute output whereas productivity is a relative term wherein the output is always expressed in terms of input. An increase in production may or may not be an indicator of the increase in productivity. If the production is increased for the same input, then there is an increase in productivity.

If viewed in quantitative terms, production is the quantity of output produced, while productivity is the ratio of the output produced to the inputs used.

                            Production
Productivity = ----------------------------
                        Resources employed

Productivity is said to be increased, when

1. The production increases without increasing the input.
2. The production remains the same as the decrease in inputs.
3. The output increased more as compared to input.

Why does the apparel industry face productivity problems?

• No widespread recognition of productivity's importance in the apparel industry.
• No easy means for measuring productivity due to style variety, lack of product continuity, absence of commonly accepted standards.
• The apparel industry's emphasis on total production and costs often obscures the importance of individual operator productivity ( output per man hr).
• Continuing programs for productivity improvement are rare in the apparel industry.
• Firms don't know"how to get started".
• The productivity issue highlights the labor-management adversary position.
• Business and labor need help in planning for productivity.
• Rising indirect cost.
• The need for capital formation is critical. Productivity gains are necessary to provide profits to assist in this process.

Causes of Low Productivity:

A. Defect in design or specification of product

• Bad design of products prevents the use of the most economic process.
• Lack of standardization prevents the use of a high production process.
• Incorrect quality standard.
• Design demands the removal of excess material.

B. Inefficient method of manufacturing or operations

• The wrong machine used.
• The process not operative or in had condition.
• Wrong tools used.
• Bad layout causing wasted movement.
• Operative's bad working methods.

C. Managerial Inefficiencies

• Excessive product variety adds idle time due to short runs.
• Lack of standardization adds idle time due to short runs.
• Design changes add ineffective time due to stoppages and rework.
• Bad planning of work and orders add the idle time of men and machines.
• Lack of raw material due to bad planning add the idle time of men and machines.
• Plant breakdowns add the idle time of men and machines.
• Bad working conditions add an ineffective time through stoppages and rework.
• Accidents add ineffective time through stoppages and rework.
• Bad industry relations resulting in strikes.

D. Worked inefficiencies

1. Absence, lateness, and idleness add ineffective time.
2. Careless workmanship adds ineffective time due to scrap and rework.
3. Accidents add ineffective time through stoppages and absence.
4. Bad industry relations resulting in strikes.

Means Of Increasing Productivity:

• Improve the basic process through research and development.
• Improve existing and provide batter plant and equipment.
• Simplify the product, reduce and standardize the range.
• Improve the existing method of plant operation.
• Improve the planning of work and the use off manpower.
• Increase the effectiveness of all employees.
• Incentive scheme for operators.
• Quality system implementation.
• Strengthen production planning and control.
• HRD Initiative.
• Use of work ais and attachments.
• Use of batter quality fabric.
• Improvement in cutting quality.
• Productivity monitoring.

Variable of productivity:

1. Direct Variable: 

The direct variable influences productivity directly.

• No . of operators or machines.
• Working hours.
• Worker efficiency.
• Standard time.
• Machine speed.
• Higher Technology.

2. Indirect variable:

• Traning of manpower.
• Motivation.
• Batter work environment.
• Lower absenteeism.
• Lower turn over of workers.
• Job satisfaction.

Measuring of Productivity:

There are several types of measuring productivity each and every department. The productivity of an industry act as a backbone has to measure it.

Labor productivity:

The resource inputs are aggregated in terms of labor hours. Hence this index is relative free of change caused by wage rates labor mix, etc. By improving methods of work the output of a worker can be increased.

                                   Production in standard hours
Productivity = -------------------------------------------------- (labor)
                                  Actual man hours

                                   The total cost of output
Productivity = -------------------------------------------------- (Money)
                                 Number of workers

Machine Productivity:

The machine productivity can be increased through the use of modern machines, a better method of manufacturing and reduced idle time of machines, the number of pieces produced.

                                   Output in standard hours
Productivity = ----------------------------------------------
                                  Actual machine hours

Material productivity:

Material productivity can be increased through product design and the use of skilled workmen, material wastage.

                                   Material cost
Productivity = --------------------------------------------
                                  Number of units produced

                                  Weight of product
Productivity = ---------------------------------------
                                  Weight of raw material

 Capital productivity:

There are many formations that are possible to the measure, in one, the resource inputs may change during the period of depreciation, in another, the input may be the book value of the capital.

Energy productivity:

The resource inputs in the amount of energy consumed in kilowatts.

Land productivity:

The productivity of the land and building is concerned with the output or service will be increased using the same area.

Overall productivity:

In this ratio of total to the sum of all factors. Thus total productivity reflects the joint impact of all the inputs in producing the output.

                                                 Profit
Overall Productivity = --------------------------

                                         Capital involved